Augmented Tax Incentive Economics

I'm always amazed at how people in this country take taxes as an unnecessary evil which should be avoided at all times. Any chance that is presented to someone to avoid being taxed, they jump for it. So maybe the issue of taxes has not been presented to everyone in their complete sense. I know I may have touched about it from time to time, but I don't think I have aimed at hitting the 'nail on the head' as they always say! So here is my blog-ness attempt.

What is tax?

A compulsory contribution to state revenue, levied by the government on workers' income and business profits. (That's as simple a definition as I can find).

What is tax revenue used for?

Do we need to look at that? Ok maybe we should as missing one element of this can spell disaster. The most comprehensive use for tax that fits this discussion is on wikipedia:

Money provided by taxation has been used by states and their functional equivalents throughout history to carry out many functions. Some of these include expenditures on war, the enforcement of law and public order, protection of property, economic infrastructure (roads, legal tender, enforcement of contracts, etc.), public works, social engineering, and the operation of government itself. Governments also use taxes to fund welfare and public services. A portion of taxes also go to pay off the state's debt and the interest this debt accumulates.

So why pay tax again?

As outlined above, all services you require from government are provided for through taxes and borrowing (loans, grants, etc) both from internal sources and external sources. So failure to pay tax implies a vote to have little government provided goods and services. This actually is the real "If you wont pay, it will never show!". Your taxes determine what you will receive from government. In Zambia we have to be quick and say all things equal as we are used to seeing our money being used to enrich some leaders! Someone told me its the only way we know how taxes are used in Zambia is wrong ways.

So I believe its about time we started believing in the usefulness of the taxes we pay. But most importantly, leaders need to show us where the taxes we pay go to. That is the remedy. It does not go well when billions are being buried, with no sign of what was put up from the taxes paid!

So can we embark on this trip of Augmented Tax Incentive Economics!

Rebirth of Economic Reason ...

I have been been delighted with the sudden introduction of reasoning in our approach to economic matters of the country. For once we look at issues in the media and hear people talk using the best possible aspect of reason and economic understanding as possible. Talk is now based on issues and not tissues!

Look at how the issues of Zamtel, Debasing or the Kwacha, Corruption fight. We have as a country looked at these issues professionally and people who didn't know about them, have been educated. That's how we should handle matters that we face each day.

I hate the political talk that was all over Facebook with no logic on the matters at hand but behaving like total cadres. I think we could have done better with economic issues. We could have addressed the issues of weak tax revenues. Lack of employment and what can be done by those in authority to bring down the unemployment rate. Inflation rate (or has that now been pushed to the day we change to the debased currency?).

Infrastructure Development

What do we need to work on? I hate going to the airport which looks like its not the biggest airport in the country. Shouldn't we be thinking about building or upgrading our airports? Why not 3 terminals - at the least!

We badly need roads and this will boast our production and exports. Which roads should be first and why? We all know its expensive to maintain roads, so why not introduce toll-gates on roads to be constructed. Would actually encourage private sector to be involved in infrastructure development, especially when we eliminate the "public-ness" of some infrastructure like roads through introduction of toll chargers which will handle the issue of excludability even if there is still a non-rivalry element - all things equal of course :)!

Budgeting??

How come we have supplementary budgets all the time? Is it a failure to plan the budget? Are things being included with no budget line all the time? What has the constitution said about all this? Where are the laws and rules related to budgeting? I have not heard a soul talk about that. And I believe even the parliament over-sight on monies of the country should be strengthened further! Have we forgotten how money was used to construct and maintain roads which parliament was not told about? Is it such a short time that these issues have disappeared? We need a check on political hand in cash of the country, let them be involved in political direction. I really need to hear this as it will help our Kwacha economics in its movement and being!

Kwacha Backed

I know this issue is a thorn to some people but we need to address the kwacha. Not the political aspects as I never wish to divert to politics on this blog! But the economics of the kwacha. I believe this is the only thing that is important - to me anyway! If we work on making our Kwacha economics better, we will focus our attention on demand stimulating of kwacha backed goods (my attempt at making Zambian production a kwacha issue). The country will aim at being better in production, consumption of kwacha backed goods, getting a fair share of the mineral worth, etc. This is a way of addressing the weaknesses in our approach to economic issues and will make sure we put in place policies, infrastructure, rules and ideas to work for and produce kwacha backed goods! Proudly Zambia - that's Kwacha backing!

We need this rebirth of reason to be channelled to and focus on kwacha backed ideas, goods, services, policies, etc

Debasing the Kwacha ...

Kwacha Economics has really taken an interesting twist this week. We are now thinking about debasing and the merits or demerits associated with it.

So let me add my voice to the debate. Clearly to correct what I have read and is out of line.

I feel good when i read about people talk about economic issues which make my daily life these days (can't believe I felt the same joy about Computers and IT a couple of years back!).

Rebasing on the Zambian kwacha should be viewed from an Economist point of view! I have been shocked by mis-leading statements about this and people will in the end be lost totally. We need to understand the fundamentals that control this in straight line and not assume the economics that is being dreamt about.

Rebasing the currency is redenomination which is different from devaluation. Wikipedia would simplify it better:

"Revaluation means a rise of a price of goods or products. This term is specially used as revaluation of a currency, where it means a rise of currency to the relation with a foreign currency in a fixed exchange rate. In floating exchange rate correct term would be appreciation. The antonym of revaluation is devaluation. Altering the face value of a currency without changing its foreign exchange rate is a redenomination, not a revaluation."

(I have read sites which have confused the two! Here)

On our case, only the face has been changed by deleting the extra three (3) zeros such that K5,000.00 will become K5.00 - simple! If you look at our currency now, K5000 is written as 5ooo (small zeros). Could be design or not, but assume the zeros are eliminated. So the new currency which will be printed will trade at the different rates. Such that, your K50,000.00 will be equal to K50.00. Hard to understand? Think of it this way, K5,000.00 is equal to $1.00, right? Assume now Kwacha2 is such that K5.00 is equal to $1.00. It simply means Kwacha2 K5.00 will be equal to K5,000.00 of the old kwacha (which we are using now). Put even simpler, its like changing kwacha to MaKwacha which is 1000 times more than the old kwacha.

There is no change in value. Just change in the face of the currency. if you go get a bag of mealie meal for K25,000.00 and you have K50,000.00, the store man will either give you K25,000.00 of the old currency or K25.00 of the new currency!

Bacause of the value being the same, it has no effect on imports or exports (all things equal as we love to say!). This is a redenomination and not a devaluation. It should be easier for people who transact across borders. You can either go buy a car in dollars or rands in durban! The vehicle worth K25 million will be the same if you buy it in Rands or Dollars. Your money simply changes faces (I know the differences in exchange rates will lead to some profit or loss, that's the exchange rate issue). All in all if you carry a stable currency like Euro and Pound, that element of loss or gain in exchanging them will be no more!

So why do countries redenomination? Simple, take our case in point. We have over the years been around the exchange rate of K5,000.00 to $1.00 if may fluctuate to K5,200.00 or K4,700.00 once in a while but we are stable in that region! So a redenomination will simplify our currency (like someone said, reduce the wheelbarrow to carry the money to pay for a car!). Will now only need K5.00 for $1.00! And can even bring back coins which are irreplaceable in some transactions like parking or toll-gates! Ever wonder why we have to buy tokens to play pool? In other countries you use your money in coins! So coinage will be part of the transaction!

There is also the issue of the buried K2.1 billions! People with buried money will either dig it up (so they exchange it for the new "currency" or lose the loot as it will only be worth to light the fire with! So it will rejuvenate transactions as there will be money which has been buried being dug up. And I hope some more people will be arrested for hiding the loot!

That is a simple explanation of what we will expect with this redenomination!!!